Dry Eye in Dogs: Understanding, Treating, and Preventing

Dry eye, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a condition where a dog's eyes do not produce enough tears. Tears are essential for keeping the eyes lubricated and healthy. Without enough tears, a dog's eyes become dry, irritated, and inflamed. 

If left untreated, dry eye can cause severe discomfort and even vision loss. This condition is typically chronic, meaning it requires ongoing management rather than a one-time cure.

In this article:

• Causes of Dry Eye

• Symptoms of Dry Eye

• Treatment of Dry Eye

Causes of Dry Eye in Dogs

The primary cause of dry eye in dogs is often immune-mediated, meaning the dog's immune system mistakenly attacks the tear-producing glands. 

Other potential causes include underlying health conditions such as hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) and diabetes, which can affect tear production. 

Neurogenic dry eye, resulting from nerve damage, and certain medications can also lead to this condition.

Breeds Prone to Dry Eye

Certain breeds are more susceptible to dry eye, including Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Pugs, and Shih Tzus. If you own one of these breeds, be particularly vigilant about monitoring your dog for signs of dry eye.

Symptoms of Dry Eye in Dogs

Common symptoms of dry eye in dogs include thick, sticky discharge from the eyes, redness, and cloudiness. Dogs with dry eye may frequently develop eye infections and ulcers due to the lack of protective tear film. 

These symptoms worsen over time, making early detection and treatment crucial to prevent severe discomfort and damage to the eyes. It’s important to note that dry eye can be painful for dogs, leading to irritation and discomfort.

Diagnosing Dry Eye in Dogs

Diagnosing dry eye in dogs typically involves the Schirmer Tear Test (STT). This simple test measures the amount of tear production and helps determine the severity of the condition. Your vet might also perform other eye examinations and tests to rule out underlying health issues that could contribute to dry eye. Human eye drops should not be used for dogs unless prescribed by a vet, as they can contain ingredients harmful to dogs.

Treatment Options for Dry Eye in Dogs

Medicated Eye Ointments

The treatment usually starts with medicated eye ointments containing immunosuppressants like ciclosporin and tacrolimus. These medications help stimulate tear production and reduce inflammation in the eyes. It is important to understand that these medications will be required life-long, even once eyes appear normal again.

Artificial Tears

Artificial tears are another essential part of managing dry eye. These drops provide necessary lubrication and should be applied regularly to keep the eyes moist and comfortable.

Regular Eye Wiping

Keeping your dog’s eyes clean is crucial to prevent infections. Regularly wiping away discharge and debris helps maintain eye hygiene and comfort. Clean, damp cotton pads are sufficient for this.

Surgical Options

In severe cases where medication and artificial tears are insufficient, surgical options like parotid duct transposition may be considered. This procedure reroutes a salivary duct to provide moisture to the eyes. Enucleation, or removal of the eye, is a last-resort option for severe, unmanageable cases.

Managing Dry Eye in Dogs

Managing dry eye requires consistent veterinary check-ups and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan. Lifestyle adjustments, such as keeping your dog’s environment clean and dust-free, can also help manage the condition and prevent flare-ups. Regular veterinary care and prompt treatment of any eye issues can help prevent the onset of dry eye.

Cost of Treating Dry Eye in Dogs

Treating dry eye can be costly, involving regular purchases of medications and artificial tears. Surgical options add to the expense, making pet insurance a valuable investment for managing potential costs.

If your dog's quality life is suffering, contact our team via 0333 041 8200 or help@roundwoodpethospice.co.uk.